Prediabetes means blood sugar is higher than normal but not high enough for type 2 diabetes. It is often silent, so testing matters. The strongest evidence supports weight loss when appropriate, regular physical activity, and diet changes; some people may also discuss medication options with a licensed clinician.
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See if you qualify →What is prediabetes?
Prediabetes means your blood glucose is above the normal range but below the range used to diagnose type 2 diabetes. Common thresholds include A1C 5.7% to 6.4%, fasting plasma glucose 100 to 125 mg/dL, or 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test 140 to 199 mg/dL 1, 2.
Glucose is sugar in the blood. Insulin is the hormone that helps move glucose from the blood into cells. In many people with prediabetes, cells do not respond to insulin as well as they should. This is called insulin resistance 2.
How prediabetes differs from normal blood sugar and type 2 diabetes
Normal blood sugar means your body is keeping glucose in the expected range most of the time. Prediabetes means the range is higher than expected, but not high enough for type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is diagnosed when test results cross diabetes thresholds, such as A1C 6.5% or higher, fasting plasma glucose 126 mg/dL or higher, or a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test 200 mg/dL or higher 1, 2.
Why insulin resistance is often part of the picture
Insulin resistance can make the pancreas work harder to keep blood sugar steady. Over time, blood sugar may rise if the pancreas cannot keep up. This is one reason prediabetes is often linked with overweight, obesity, waist size, fatty liver, high blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol, PCOS, and a history of gestational diabetes 1, 2.
How is prediabetes diagnosed?
Prediabetes is diagnosed with lab tests, not by symptoms alone. The main tests are hemoglobin A1C, fasting plasma glucose, and the oral glucose tolerance test; abnormal results should be reviewed by a clinician and may need repeat or confirmatory testing 1, 2.
| Test | What it measures | Prediabetes range | Diabetes range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hemoglobin A1C | Average blood sugar over about 2 to 3 months | 5.7% to 6.4% | 6.5% or higher |
| Fasting plasma glucose | Blood sugar after no calories for at least 8 hours | 100 to 125 mg/dL | 126 mg/dL or higher |
| 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test | Blood sugar 2 hours after a glucose drink | 140 to 199 mg/dL | 200 mg/dL or higher |
A1C range for prediabetes
Hemoglobin A1C reflects how much glucose has attached to red blood cells. An A1C of 5.7% to 6.4% is in the prediabetes range, while 6.5% or higher is in the diabetes range when confirmed appropriately 1, 2. If you want a deeper guide, our article on the A1C blood sugar test explains how to read the result.
Fasting blood sugar range for prediabetes
Fasting plasma glucose is checked after no calories for at least 8 hours. A fasting result of 100 to 125 mg/dL is in the prediabetes range, and 126 mg/dL or higher is in the diabetes range when confirmed 1, 2.
Oral glucose tolerance test range
The oral glucose tolerance test checks how your body handles a measured glucose drink. A 2-hour result of 140 to 199 mg/dL is in the prediabetes range, and 200 mg/dL or higher is in the diabetes range 1, 2.
Why abnormal results should be reviewed and often confirmed
Lab values can be affected by recent illness, some medicines, anemia, pregnancy, and test timing. A clinician can decide whether repeat testing, a different test, or screening for type 2 diabetes is needed 1.
What are the warning signs of prediabetes?
Prediabetes often has no clear warning signs for years. That is why screening is important for people with risk factors, especially adults with overweight or obesity and people with a history of gestational diabetes or PCOS 1, 2.
Why prediabetes often has no symptoms
Blood sugar can rise slowly. Many people feel normal even when A1C or fasting glucose is already in the prediabetes range. This can make prediabetes easy to miss without lab testing 1.
Possible skin changes such as acanthosis nigricans
Some people with insulin resistance develop darker, thicker, velvety skin patches, often around the neck, armpits, or groin. This is called acanthosis nigricans and can be a clue to discuss blood sugar testing with a clinician 2.
When symptoms may suggest diabetes rather than prediabetes
Symptoms such as extreme thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, blurry vision, vomiting, dehydration, confusion, chest pain, or shortness of breath should be taken seriously. These can point to diabetes or another urgent problem, and urgent medical care may be needed 1.
Who is more likely to develop prediabetes?
Prediabetes is more likely when insulin resistance risk is higher. The USPSTF recommends screening nonpregnant adults ages 35 to 70 with overweight or obesity, and earlier screening may fit some higher-risk people 1.
Weight, waist size, age, and physical activity
Overweight, obesity, higher waist size, older age, and low physical activity are linked with higher risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes 1, 2. One observational study in adults with hypertension found that adiposity measures were associated with prediabetes or diabetes, which supports the role of body-fat distribution in metabolic risk 10.
Family history, gestational diabetes, PCOS, and cardiometabolic risk
Family history of type 2 diabetes, prior gestational diabetes, PCOS, high blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease can all raise concern for insulin resistance and future diabetes risk 1, 2. If PCOS is part of your picture, our guide to PCOS symptoms and treatment options may help you prepare for a clinician visit.
Why screening may start earlier for some higher-risk groups
The USPSTF notes that clinicians may consider earlier screening for people from groups with higher diabetes prevalence and for people with a history of gestational diabetes or PCOS 1. The right timing depends on personal risk, pregnancy status, medications, and past lab results.
What is the fastest evidence-based way to improve prediabetes?
There is no instant fix for prediabetes. The fastest evidence-based path is usually a structured plan that combines weight loss when appropriate, regular activity, food changes, sleep support, and follow-up testing over months, not days 3.
Why there is no instant fix
Prediabetes often builds over time from insulin resistance, weight gain, genetics, sleep, stress, medications, and activity level. A single food swap or supplement cannot fully address all of those drivers. A plan that you can repeat is more useful than a short, extreme reset 3.
Weight loss when appropriate
For people with overweight or obesity, modest weight loss can improve insulin sensitivity and lower diabetes risk. The NIDDK describes Diabetes Prevention Program-based steps such as eating less, moving more, and losing weight as part of type 2 diabetes prevention 3. For more detail, see our guide to losing weight with insulin resistance.
Regular physical activity
Physical activity helps muscles use glucose and can improve insulin sensitivity. Most prevention programs combine aerobic movement, strength work, and less sitting, adjusted to the person’s fitness level and medical limits 3.
Food changes that support steadier blood sugar
Food changes work best when they improve the whole pattern: more fiber, more minimally processed foods, enough protein, and fewer sweet drinks and refined starches. Our deeper guide on prediabetes treatment walks through lifestyle and medication options in more detail.
Sleep, stress, and follow-up testing
Poor sleep and high stress can make appetite, activity, and glucose control harder. Follow-up testing helps show whether the plan is working or whether you need a different approach. A clinician can suggest when to recheck A1C or fasting glucose based on your starting result and risk 1.
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Considering weight-loss treatment for metabolic risk?
If prediabetes is happening alongside overweight, obesity, or insulin resistance, a licensed Chia provider can review whether weight-management treatment may be clinically appropriate. Chia offers compounded semaglutide injection and compounded tirzepatide tablets or injection, prescribed only when appropriate after a medical evaluation. A prescription is not guaranteed, and compounded drugs are not FDA-approved.
What should you eat with prediabetes?
The best eating pattern for prediabetes is one you can keep doing. Evidence supports patterns rich in vegetables, legumes, whole grains, nuts, unsweetened dairy or other protein foods, and healthy fats; in one randomized crossover trial, both ketogenic and Mediterranean diets improved A1C over 12 weeks in people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes 5.
Mediterranean-style eating pattern
A Mediterranean-style pattern usually emphasizes vegetables, beans, lentils, whole grains, fish, olive oil, nuts, fruit, and yogurt. It is often easier to sustain than a very low-carbohydrate plan because it allows high-fiber carbohydrates in reasonable portions 5.
Carbohydrate quality: fiber, whole grains, legumes, and minimally processed foods
Carbohydrates are not all the same. Beans, lentils, oats, berries, intact whole grains, and vegetables bring fiber and nutrients. Sweet drinks, candy, white bread, and many packaged snacks deliver fast-digesting carbohydrate with less fullness.
Protein and healthy fats for fullness
Protein and healthy fats can slow digestion and make meals more filling. Examples include eggs, fish, poultry, tofu, Greek yogurt, beans, nuts, seeds, avocado, and olive oil. People with kidney disease, pregnancy, eating disorder history, or other medical conditions should get personalized guidance.
How ketogenic and Mediterranean diets compare in available trial evidence
In the Keto-Med randomized crossover trial, adults with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes followed a well-formulated ketogenic diet and a Mediterranean-plus diet. Both improved A1C, but the Mediterranean-style diet allowed legumes, fruits, and whole grains, which may matter for fiber, diet quality, and long-term sustainability 5. Individual results vary.
What foods are worst for prediabetes?
For prediabetes, the biggest concerns are frequent sweet drinks, large portions of refined starches, and ultra-processed snack foods. The goal is not fear of one food; it is building a pattern that keeps glucose steadier across most days.
| Common choice | Why it can be harder on blood sugar | Practical swap |
|---|---|---|
| Regular soda, sweet tea, juice drinks | Liquid sugar digests fast and does not create much fullness | Water, sparkling water, unsweetened tea, or a smaller portion with a meal |
| Large bowls of white rice or pasta | Big low-fiber portions can raise glucose quickly | Smaller portion plus vegetables, protein, and beans or lentils |
| Pastries, candy, and sweet snacks most days | Added sugar plus refined flour can be easy to overeat | Greek yogurt with berries, nuts, fruit, or a planned dessert portion |
| Chips, crackers, and ultra-processed snack foods | Low fiber and high palatability can make portions climb | Nuts, hummus with vegetables, roasted chickpeas, or cheese with fruit |
| Sugary coffee drinks | Often combine sugar, calories, and little protein | Unsweetened latte, smaller size, or less syrup |
Sugary drinks and frequent added sugar
Sweet drinks are often the first place to look because they deliver sugar quickly and do not fill you up. Reducing sweet drinks can lower added sugar without making the rest of the diet feel extreme.
Highly refined grains and ultra-processed snack foods
Refined grains and many packaged snacks are usually low in fiber and easy to eat in large portions. Pairing carbohydrates with protein and fiber can help meals feel more satisfying.
Large portions of low-fiber carbohydrates
A food can be reasonable in one portion and too much in another. Rice, pasta, bread, tortillas, potatoes, and cereal may fit better when portions are smaller and paired with protein, vegetables, and healthy fats.
Why the goal is pattern change, not fear of one food
Fear-based rules are hard to keep. A more useful question is: what can you repeat most days that supports glucose, weight, heart health, and your actual life?
Should people with prediabetes avoid sugar completely?
Most people with prediabetes do not need to avoid sugar completely. The more useful goal is limiting frequent added sugar, especially sweet drinks, while improving the overall diet pattern over weeks and months.
Why total diet pattern matters more than a single ingredient
Blood sugar responds to the whole meal, not just one ingredient. Protein, fiber, fat, portion size, activity, sleep, and medications can all change the glucose response.
How to think about added sugar, desserts, and sweet drinks
Sweet drinks are often worth reducing first. Desserts can often fit better as planned portions after a balanced meal instead of as frequent snacks on an empty stomach.
Practical swaps that do not require extreme restriction
- Choose unsweetened drinks most of the time.
- Add berries or cinnamon to yogurt instead of sweetened yogurt.
- Use smaller dessert portions and eat them after a protein-rich meal.
- Swap some refined grains for beans, lentils, oats, or intact whole grains.
- Keep high-fiber snacks visible and sweet snacks less automatic.
Can prediabetes be reversed?
Prediabetes can sometimes move back into the normal lab range. In everyday language, people call that reversal, but risk can return if weight, activity, insulin resistance, medications, or health conditions change over time 3.
What “reversal” usually means
Reversal usually means A1C, fasting glucose, or oral glucose tolerance test results no longer meet prediabetes criteria. It does not mean the body can never develop insulin resistance again. For a full discussion, read our guide on whether prediabetes can be reversed.
Why risk can return if weight, activity, or insulin resistance changes
Blood sugar risk is dynamic. Weight regain, less movement, poor sleep, some medications, menopause, pregnancy, or worsening fatty liver can shift insulin resistance again. That is why the goal is a maintainable plan, not a one-time fix.
How often to recheck blood sugar with a clinician
Recheck timing depends on the test result, risk factors, and treatment plan. A clinician may repeat testing to confirm an abnormal result or monitor progress after lifestyle or medication changes 1. Our article on how to reverse prediabetes covers follow-up questions to bring to your visit.
When might medication fit for prediabetes and weight-related risk?
Medication may fit some people with prediabetes, especially when risk is higher because of overweight, obesity, rising A1C, gestational diabetes history, or insulin resistance. It should be decided with a licensed clinician, and it is not a substitute for lifestyle support 1, 3.
| Option | Where evidence fits | Important limits and risks |
|---|---|---|
| Structured lifestyle program | First-line for most adults with prediabetes; DPP-based programs focus on weight loss when appropriate, food changes, and activity 3 | Requires time, support, and follow-up; no instant fix |
| Metformin | Evidence supports delaying or preventing type 2 diabetes in some higher-risk people with prediabetes 1, 6 | Not FDA-approved specifically for prediabetes; can cause gastrointestinal effects and may not fit kidney or other medical issues |
| Liraglutide 3.0 mg, a GLP-1 receptor agonist marketed as Saxenda for weight management and also related to Victoza at different diabetes doses | In a 3-year randomized trial in people with obesity and prediabetes, liraglutide 3.0 mg plus lifestyle intervention reduced progression to type 2 diabetes compared with placebo 7 | Education-only here because Chia does not offer liraglutide; common risks include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, gallbladder issues, and contraindications such as certain thyroid cancer histories |
| Semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist marketed as Wegovy, Ozempic, and Rybelsus in different labeled uses; also available as compounded semaglutide through licensed 503A pharmacies | Studied and used for chronic weight management or diabetes indications depending on product and patient eligibility; weight loss can improve insulin resistance in eligible patients | Not an FDA-approved treatment for prediabetes itself; compounded formulations are not FDA-approved and have no FDA-evaluated outcomes data |
| Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist marketed as Zepbound and Mounjaro in different labeled uses; also available as compounded tirzepatide through licensed 503A pharmacies | A SURMOUNT-1 post hoc analysis found tirzepatide was associated with changes in beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in people with obesity or overweight with prediabetes or normal glucose 8 | Not an FDA-approved treatment for prediabetes itself; compounded formulations are not FDA-approved and have no FDA-evaluated outcomes data |
| Vitamin D supplementation | One open-label randomized study in Eastern India found vitamin D supplementation reduced progression to type 2 diabetes and was associated with lower insulin resistance and inflammation 9 | Not a universal prediabetes treatment; supplementation should be based on labs, medical history, and clinician guidance |
Metformin: evidence, common use, and off-label status for prediabetes
Metformin is a long-used diabetes medication. It is commonly discussed for diabetes prevention in higher-risk prediabetes, especially when A1C is rising, BMI is higher, or there is a history of gestational diabetes, but it is not FDA-approved specifically for prediabetes 1, 6.
GLP-1 and incretin medications studied in people with obesity or overweight and prediabetes
GLP-1 receptor agonists and incretin medications can reduce appetite, slow stomach emptying, and affect insulin and glucagon signaling. In a 3-year randomized trial, liraglutide 3.0 mg plus lifestyle intervention reduced progression to type 2 diabetes in people with obesity and prediabetes, but individual results vary and liraglutide is not offered by Chia 7.
Tirzepatide is a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist. In a post hoc analysis from SURMOUNT-1, tirzepatide treatment was associated with changes in beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in people with obesity or overweight with prediabetes or normal glucose 8. This is not proof of a prediabetes cure, and results are not established for compounded formulations.
Why medication is not a substitute for lifestyle support
Medication can support weight management or diabetes-risk reduction for some people, but food, activity, sleep, and follow-up still matter. If medication is stopped, appetite, weight, and glucose risk can change again, so long-term planning is important.
Safety, eligibility, contraindications, and shared decision-making
GLP-1 and incretin medications can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, reflux, dehydration, gallbladder problems, and rarely pancreatitis. They may not fit people with certain thyroid cancer histories, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2, pancreatitis history, pregnancy, some gastrointestinal disorders, or certain medication interactions. Eligibility should be reviewed by a clinician.
Prediabetes and weight-loss treatment at Chia: semaglutide or tirzepatide when clinically appropriate
At Chia, we see prediabetes most often as part of a bigger metabolic picture: insulin resistance, weight changes, PCOS, fatty liver risk, cholesterol, blood pressure, and family history. When weight management is clinically appropriate, our providers may evaluate whether semaglutide or tirzepatide fits; a prescription is never guaranteed, and dosing is provider-guided over time.
Chia’s online clinician-reviewed process
Chia’s process is 100% online. You complete a health questionnaire, then a licensed US provider reviews your history and prescribes only when clinically appropriate. Medications are compounded in the US by state-licensed 503A compounding pharmacies and shipped to your door.
Semaglutide injection at Chia
Chia offers compounded semaglutide injection, with microdosing plans available when appropriate. Plans currently start at $249/mo. Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist; brand names for FDA-approved semaglutide products include Wegovy, Ozempic, and Rybelsus, depending on indication and form.
Tirzepatide tablets or injections at Chia, including microdosing plans when appropriate
Chia offers compounded tirzepatide tablets and injection, with microdosing plans available when appropriate. Plans currently start at $249/mo for tablets and $299/mo for injection. Tirzepatide is a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist; brand names for FDA-approved tirzepatide products include Zepbound and Mounjaro, depending on indication.
| Chia option | Forms Chia offers | Current starting price | Who may consider asking about it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Semaglutide | Injection | From $249/mo | People seeking provider-guided GLP-1 weight-management support when clinically appropriate |
| Tirzepatide | Tablets or injection | From $249/mo for tablets; from $299/mo for injection | People seeking provider-guided incretin weight-management support, including those who prefer a tablet option when appropriate |
| Weight + Energy | NAD+ injection plus choice of GLP-1 | From $309/mo | Eligible patients choosing a GLP-1 who also want a protocol that includes NAD+ injection |
| Weight + Muscle | Sermorelin injection plus choice of GLP-1 | From $329/mo | Eligible patients choosing a GLP-1 who also want a protocol that includes sermorelin injection |
Weight + Energy and Weight + Muscle protocols for eligible patients choosing a GLP-1
For eligible patients choosing a GLP-1, Chia also offers Weight + Energy, which includes NAD+ injection plus a choice of GLP-1, and Weight + Muscle, which includes sermorelin injection plus a choice of GLP-1. These protocols still require clinician review, and they are not a stand-alone treatment for prediabetes.
Compounded medications, 503A pharmacies, and what FDA approval does and does not mean
Compounded medications are not FDA-approved. That means the FDA has not evaluated compounded formulations for safety, effectiveness, or manufacturing quality the way it evaluates approved brand-name drugs. The safety standard we focus on is licensed care: a licensed provider evaluation, a state-licensed 503A compounding pharmacy, provider-guided dosing, and ongoing access to your care team.
If you use an AI agent for prescription delivery support, Chia is also reachable through DoctorMCP at mcp.chia.health. That access path does not replace a medical evaluation; eligibility and prescribing still require review by a licensed provider.
Which next step fits your situation?
The right next step after a prediabetes result depends on which test was abnormal, your weight and waist pattern, pregnancy status, medications, and other risks. Use this table as a conversation guide, not a diagnosis or personalized treatment plan.
| Your situation | Sensible next step | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| One lab is in the prediabetes range | Ask whether the result should be repeated or confirmed | Illness, timing, anemia, and other factors can affect some tests |
| Prediabetes plus overweight or obesity | Discuss a structured lifestyle plan and whether weight-management medication evaluation fits | Weight loss when appropriate can improve insulin resistance |
| Prediabetes plus PCOS, gestational diabetes history, or strong family history | Ask about earlier or more frequent screening and prevention support | These factors can raise future type 2 diabetes risk |
| A1C is rising despite lifestyle changes | Ask about metformin, weight-management medication eligibility, and other risk factors | Medication may fit some higher-risk patients after clinician review |
| Symptoms such as extreme thirst, frequent urination, vomiting, dehydration, confusion, chest pain, or shortness of breath | Seek urgent medical care | These may suggest diabetes or another urgent condition |
What should you ask a clinician after a prediabetes result?
After a prediabetes result, the best visit is specific. Bring the actual lab value, the date, and any medicines or supplements you take, then ask what the result means over the next 3 to 6 months.
- Which test put me in the prediabetes range: A1C, fasting glucose, or oral glucose tolerance test?
- Do I need repeat testing or screening for type 2 diabetes?
- Should I be checked for cholesterol, blood pressure, kidney health, liver health, or sleep apnea risk?
- What weight, waist, activity, and nutrition goals are realistic for me?
- Would a structured Diabetes Prevention Program fit my risk level and schedule?
- Should we discuss metformin or weight-management medication evaluation?
- Do any of my current medicines, pregnancy plans, or health conditions change the plan?
When should you get help now?
Prediabetes itself is not usually an emergency, but symptoms can signal diabetes or another serious problem. Seek urgent care now for severe dehydration, confusion, chest pain, shortness of breath, repeated vomiting, fainting, or very high home glucose readings if you have been told to monitor them.
3-min quiz
Start with a clinician-reviewed plan
If you have prediabetes with overweight, obesity, or insulin resistance, Chia can help you explore whether a provider-guided weight-management plan is appropriate. Options may include compounded semaglutide injection, compounded tirzepatide tablets or injection, or protocols such as Weight + Energy or Weight + Muscle when clinically appropriate. A prescription requires medical evaluation and is not guaranteed.
There is no instant fix. The fastest evidence-based path is usually a structured plan with weight loss when appropriate, regular activity, higher-fiber food choices, fewer sweet drinks, better sleep, and follow-up testing.
Most people have no clear warning signs. Some people with insulin resistance may notice darker, thicker skin patches called acanthosis nigricans. Symptoms like extreme thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, vomiting, dehydration, or confusion may suggest diabetes or another urgent issue and should be evaluated.
The most common trouble spots are sweet drinks, frequent desserts or candy, large portions of refined grains, and ultra-processed snack foods. The goal is not banning one food forever; it is building a pattern that gives you more fiber, protein, and steadier meals.
Most people with prediabetes do not need to avoid sugar completely. It is usually more practical to limit added sugar, especially sweet drinks, and pair carbohydrates with protein, fiber, and healthy fats.
No. Prediabetes means blood sugar is higher than normal but not high enough for type 2 diabetes. It does raise the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, so it is worth taking seriously.
Yes, prediabetes labs can sometimes return to the normal range. That is often called reversal, but risk can return if insulin resistance, weight, activity, sleep, medications, or health conditions change.
An A1C of 5.7% to 6.4% is commonly considered the prediabetes range. An A1C of 6.5% or higher is in the diabetes range when confirmed appropriately.
Not always. Lifestyle change is first-line for most people. Medication may fit some higher-risk patients after clinician review. Metformin is commonly discussed but is not FDA-approved specifically for prediabetes; GLP-1 and incretin medications may fit eligible patients for weight management or diabetes indications, not as FDA-approved treatments for prediabetes itself. Compounded drugs are not FDA-approved.
References
- 1.US Preventive Services Task Force. Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Screening. JAMA. 2021.
- 2.Endotext. Prediabetes. NCBI Bookshelf, National Institutes of Health. 2023.
- 3.National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Game Plan for Preventing Type 2 Diabetes. NIDDK. 2024.
- 4.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prediabetes – Your Chance to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes. CDC. 2024.
- 5.Gardner CD, Landry MJ, Perelman D, et al. Effect of a ketogenic diet versus Mediterranean diet on glycated hemoglobin in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The interventional Keto-Med randomized crossover trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2022.
- 6.Davidson MB. Treating Prediabetes With Medications … or Not. Diabetes Care. 2024.
- 7.le Roux CW, Astrup A, Fujioka K, et al. 3 years of liraglutide versus placebo for type 2 diabetes risk reduction and weight management in individuals with prediabetes: a randomised, double-blind trial. The Lancet. 2017.
- 8.Mari A, Stefanski A, van Raalte DH, et al. Tirzepatide Treatment and Associated Changes in β-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in People With Obesity or Overweight With Prediabetes or Normoglycemia: A Post Hoc Analysis From the SURMOUNT-1 Trial. Diabetes Care. 2025.
- 9.Dutta D, Mondal SA, Choudhuri S, et al. Vitamin-D supplementation in prediabetes reduced progression to type 2 diabetes and was associated with decreased insulin resistance and systemic inflammation: an open label randomized prospective study from Eastern India. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2014.
- 10.Wang Y, Shirore RM, Ramakrishnan C, et al. Adiposity measures and pre-diabetes or diabetes in adults with hypertension in Singapore polyclinics. Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2019.
About this article
Chia Health Editorial Team — Evidence-reviewed health education
This article is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for individualized medical advice. Talk to a licensed clinician before starting, stopping, or changing any prescription.
AI tools may assist with research and drafting. Chia's editorial team reviews source use, clarity, treatment information, and safety framing before publication. A clinician is named only after explicit sign-off. Read our editorial standards.
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